Mastering Linux and Git: Your Essential Cheat Sheet

Here is the cheat sheet for Linux and Git-GitHub that we've been eagerly waiting to create. This comprehensive guide will serve as your go-to resource for mastering essential commands and techniques in both realms. With this cheat sheet at your disposal, you'll be equipped to navigate through any DevOps challenge with confidence and ease.

Linux Cheat Sheet

Working with Files and Directories:

• ls: List directory contents.

• cd [directory]: Change directory.

• pwd: Print working directory.

• mkdir [directory]: Make directory.

• rm [file/directory]: Remove files or directories.

File Operations:

• cp [source] [destination]: Copy files and directories.

• mv [source] [destination]: Move or rename files and directories.

• cat [file]: Concatenate and display file content.

• grep [pattern] [file]: Search for patterns in files.

• chmod [permissions] [file]: Change file permissions.

Text Editing:

• nano [file]: Simple text editor.

• vim [file]: Advanced text editor.

• echo [text] > [file]: Print text or variables to a file.

File Permissions:

• chmod [permissions] [file]: Change file permissions.

• chown [user:group] [file]: Change file ownership.

• chgrp [group] [file]: Change group ownership.

Process Management:

• ps: Display information about active processes.

• kill [process_id]: Terminate processes.

• top: Display dynamic real-time information about running processes.

System Information:

• uname -a: Display system information.

• df -h: Display disk space usage.

• free -m: Display system memory usage.

• hostname: Display hostname of the system.

Networking:

• ping [host]: Check network connectivity.

• ifconfig: Display or configure network interfaces.

• netstat -tuln: Display network connections.

• ssh [user]@[host]: Securely connect to remote servers.

• curl [url]: Transfer data from or to a server.

• wget [url]: Non-interactive network downloader.

Package Management:

• apt-get [command]: Advanced Package Tool - package handling utility.

• yum [command]: Yellowdog Updater Modified - package handling utility.

• dpkg [command]: Debian Package Manager - package handling utility.

File Compression:

• tar [options] [archive_name] [file/directory]: Create, extract, or compress archives.

• gzip [file]: Compress or decompress files.

Miscellaneous:

• history: Display command history.

• date: Display or set system date and time.

• man [command]: Display manual pages for commands.

Linux is a powerful and versatile operating system renowned for its stability and flexibility. This cheat sheet compiles essential commands and techniques to help you navigate and harness the full potential of Linux, empowering you to tackle a wide range of tasks with confidence. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced user, this resource is designed to streamline your workflow and enhance your productivity in the world of Linux.

GIT CHEAT SHEET

STAGE & SNAPSHOT Working with snapshots and the Git staging area:

• git status: Show modified files in the working directory, staged for your next commit.

• git add [file]: Add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage).

• git reset [file]: Unstage a file while retaining the changes in the working directory.

• git diff: Diff of what is changed but not staged.

• git diff --staged: Diff of what is staged but not yet committed.

• git commit -m "[descriptive message]": Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot.

SETUP Configuring user information used across all local repositories:

• git config --global user.name "[firstname lastname]": Set a name that is identifiable for credit when reviewing version history.

• git config --global user.email "[valid-email]": Set an email address associated with each history marker.

• git config --global color.ui auto: Set automatic command-line coloring for Git for easy reviewing.

SETUP & INIT Configuring user information, initializing, and cloning repositories:

• git init: Initialize an existing directory as a Git repository.

• git clone [url]: Retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL.

BRANCH & MERGE Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes:

• git branch: List your branches. A * will appear next to the currently active branch.

• git branch [branch-name]: Create a new branch at the current commit.

• git checkout: Switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory.

• git merge [branch]: Merge the specified branch’s history into the current one.

• git log: Show all commits in the current branch’s history.

INSTALLATION & GUIS With platform-specific installers for Git, GitHub also provides the ease of staying up-to-date with the latest releases of the command-line tool while providing a graphical user interface for day-to-day interaction, review, and repository synchronization.

• GitHub for Windows: [Link]

• GitHub for Mac: [Link]

• Git for All Platforms: [Link]

SHARE & UPDATE Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos:

• git remote add [alias] [url]: Add a Git URL as an alias.

• git fetch [alias]: Fetch down all the branches from that Git remote.

• git merge [alias]/[branch]: Merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date.

• git push [alias] [branch]: Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch.

• git pull: Fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch.

TRACKING PATH CHANGES Versioning file removes and path changes:

• git rm [file]: Delete the file from the project and stage the removal for commit.

• git mv [existing-path] [new-path]: Change an existing file path and stage the move.

• git log --stat -M: Show all commit logs with an indication of any paths that moved.

TEMPORARY COMMITS Temporarily store modified, tracked files to change branches:

• git stash: Save modified and staged changes.

• git stash list: List stack-order of stashed file changes.

• git stash pop: Write working from the top of the stash stack.

• git stash drop: Discard changes from the top of the stash stack.

REWRITE HISTORY Rewriting branches, updating commits, and clearing history:

• git rebase [branch]: Apply any commits of the current branch ahead of the specified one.

• git reset --hard [commit]: Clear the staging area, rewrite working tree from the specified commit.

INSPECT & COMPARE Examining logs, diffs, and object information:

• git log: Show the commit history for the currently active branch.

• git log branchB..branchA: Show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB.

• git log --follow [file]: Show the commits that changed file, even across renames.

• git diff branchB...branchA: Show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB.

• git show [SHA]: Show any object in Git in human-readable format.

IGNORING PATTERNS Preventing unintentional staging or committing of files:

• git config --global core.excludesfile [file]: System-wide ignore pattern for all local repositories.

Git is the free and open-source distributed version control system responsible for everything GitHub-related that happens locally on your computer. This cheat sheet features the most important and commonly used Git commands for easy reference.

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